Introduction: The majority of embryo transfers (ETs) to date have been performed on day 3 to reduce the potential risk of fetal growth arrest. Transfer on day 5 provides higher clinical PREGNANCY OUTCOMES with reduced risks of multiple pregnancies. This study aimed to evaluate the PREGNANCY outcome between day 5 embryo transfer and day 4 fresh embryo transfer in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Infertility Research Center of Sarem Hospital, Tehran, in 1402 on 921 infertile women who had been referred for ICSI. These patients were assigned to receive fresh embryo transfer (n=163) and blastocyst stage transfer (n=758). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age and PREGNANCY rate. The PREGNANCY rate on the fourth day (31.29%) was similar to that on the fifth day (28.50%) (PV <50.0). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of embryo quality (PV<0.05).

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a serious disease of humans, caused by different strains of the bacteria Leptospira. The disease in humans can include pregnant mothers with poor OUTCOMES such as intrauterine fetal death, abortion, and delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital leptospirosis. Moreover, due to overlapping signs and symptoms, leptospirosis is often difficult to distinguish from HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of PREGNANCY. Therefore, it's necessary to assess the effect of leptospirosis on PREGNANCY outcome in human.Objective: The goal of this study was to review the articles relating to leptospirosis and PREGNANCY OUTCOMES.Methods: Data were gathered via a number of electronic databases and books.Results: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In tropical regions, the infection is endemic, while in industrialized countries, the disease is rare. Leptospirosis is difficult to distinguish from many other diseases in humans. Human infection may be subclinical or present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. Common symptoms in humans are similar to influenza and include headache, joint and muscular ache and pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, sweating, high fever. Researches have reported few cases in pregnant women and the effect on prenatal outcome. Intrauterine fetal death, abortion, delivery of a newborn with signs of congenital leptospirosis, and developmental abnormality has all been reported. It has been proven that the bacteria can pass to a baby via breast milk. It has also been detected in placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. Where the mother has suffered a severe illness the cytotoxic impact of leptospires combined with hemorrhagia and pyrexia can be a primary cause of fetal mortality, usually via placental ischaemia.Conclusion: While leptospirosis is rare in PREGNANCY, we should consider this infection in pregnant women developing acute liver dysfunction or acute infection without fever, besides HELLP syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of PREGNANCY.

Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common disorder during the PREGNANCY. It is usually asymptomatic and accompanied by maternal and fatal complications. Complications and prenatal mortality rate could be sufficiently reduced by good prenatal care and prompt diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: 52 patients entered this descriptive study, of whom 20 had overt diabetes and 32 had gestational diabetes. Results: Abortion and prenatal mortality were more common among patients with overt diabetes. Deliveries were achieved by cesarean section in patients with overt diabetes much more commonly, this was mainly due to macrosomia. Mean of birth weight and the first minute apgar score was more in patients of gestational diabetes. Conclusion: Cesarean section is more common in overt diabetes. Meanwhile, the mean birth weight and first minute apgar score were a little bit higher in patients of the gestational group. This is chiefly achieved through better prenatal care.

Objective(s): To determine the role of mother's BMI on PREGNANCY OUTCOMES.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 294 pregnant women aged 18-35 years, with term cephalic presentation, singleton attending to Barn maternity hospital for childbirth related to their BMI they were grouped as: underweight (BMI<19.8), normal (19.8<BMI<26) and overweight (BMI>26). Data were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed descriptively.Results: The mean of first phase of delivery in underweight women was (7/73±5/77) minutes more than of over weight women (3/32±5/11) minutes. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean of third of delivery in normal weight was more than of under and overweight women, but not statistically significant.The mean of babies weight in over weight was more than of in under and normal weights, but the mean of APGAR Scores in over weights was low. The cesarean rate in over weights was 28.9%, in normals was 15.2% and in under weights was 4.5%. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings suggest there is need to advise women to keep their weight normal before and during PREGNANCY to prevent adverse OUTCOMES.

Introduction: Abuse in PREGNANCY could be a risk factor for poor PREGNANCY OUTCOMES. Abuse during PREGNANCY effecting mother may impair the health of fetus directly or indirectly. This study was designed to determine the relationship between abuse in PREGNANCY and PREGNANCY outcome in pregnant referred to Gachsaran hospital, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 500 pregnant women attending Gachsaran hospitals chosen by convenience sampling. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics of samples and their partners, abuse screening and information of PREGNANCY outcome was administered. Validity and reliability of tool was respectively done using content validity and test retest. By using SPSS software, t-test, exact Fisher test, Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The results showed significant correlations between PREGNANCY abuse and maternal (only abortion and preterm birth) and fetal outcome such as and fetal death (P<0.05). Conclusion: We showed that the necessity of care to women health, PROM, low birth weight, especially during PREGNANCY, and a decrease in abuse improves adverse outcome on pregnant women. Routine screening program to eliminate PREGNANCY abuse is required. 

Background: Women 35-39 years old have a 2–3 fold higher risk of PREGNANCY-related death than women in their twenties, and the risk is even more dramatic for women 40 years and older.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal age with risk of adverse PREGNANCY and mother OUTCOMES in our setting, Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational hospital-based study, 538 nulliparous women were assessed. The association between maternal age and various PREGNANCY and neonatal OUTCOMES were reported. Data were extracted from the database of Akbar Abadi hospital in Tehran from 2001-2006 records. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were preformed to investigate the association between maternal age and various relevant OUTCOMES. Results: Women aged 35 years or older had an increased percentages of gestational hypertension (18.8% vs 9.6%; p=0.02) and diabetes in PREGNANCY (3.7% vs 1.4%; p=0.08) compared with women younger than 35 years. There were no differences between the two age groups in Apgar score at 1 min, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, PROM, fetal distress, perinatal death, and postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age was shown to be independently associated with low birth weight, preterm labor and rate of cesarean delivery.